How do you read a central bank balance sheet?

Balance sheets show what a central bank holds and owes — reserves, bonds, liquidity operations. The numbers are public, slow-moving and rarely read by retail traders.

What's your method?

  • the items you look at first
  • how changes flow through to currencies
  • the balance-sheet story you're following

Background: QE and QT.

Background: Quantitative easing and quantitative tightening explained

In quantitative easing, central banks create reserves to buy bonds; in quantitative tightening they shrink those holdings. How QE and QT work, the Bank of England's £895 billion programme, and the effects on currencies.

What is quantitative easing?

A policy in which a central bank creates reserves to buy large amounts of bonds, lowering long-term interest rates to support spending and help meet its inflation target.

How much QE did the Bank of England do?

£895 billion in total: £875 billion of UK government bonds and £20 billion of corporate bonds, from March 2009 to the last increase announced in November 2020.

Read the full guide

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